Showing posts with label Entertainment. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Entertainment. Show all posts

Friday, October 5, 2012

Exhibition gives visitors power to control the rain


Exhibition gives visitors power to control the rain

Rain Room exhibition 
  The Rain Room has been described as a "cocooning experience" by its creators.

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Most of us have been caught in a torrential downpour and wished we could make it stop, but how would it feel to have the power to control the weather?
Rain Room, a new 3D exhibition at London's Barbican Centre marries art, science and technology to do just that.
Despite standing in a space filled with drops of falling water, visitors remain dry, as the water halts above them.
Its creators have described it as "a social experiment" which "extracts behavioural experiences".
"We wanted to give people the cocooning experience of being immersed in a 3D rain room and watch their reaction," Hannes Koch told the BBC.
Koch met Florian Ortkrass and Briton Stuart Wood in 2005 while studying at the Royal College of Art in London and together they formed Random International.
As well as audience participation, science and technology play a big part in bringing their experimental exhibition to life.
Gravity effect With several 3D sensory cameras fixed to the ceiling of the Rain Room, every person who walks into the 100 square metre space is recognised.
Random International Florian Ortkrass, Stuart Wood and Hannes Koch met at London's Royal College of Art.
As they move around "slowly", the rain stops overhead.
"If you run around you'll get wet because while the sensor picks up the movement, gravity limits the speed of the drops falling from the ceiling," explained Koch.
The artists said he and collaborators hoped the experience would give people a sense of "playful empowerment".
"By your sheer presence you can control the rain."
The installation has been designed to create an intimate atmosphere of contemplation.
"There's no distractive sound, you are very close [to the rain] and it is beautiful as it becomes hypnotic and the sound of the rain is extremely calming.
"Behavioural experiences" "It is very different to having an umbrella as you don't have the sound of the rain battering on the umbrella," said Koch."
This is not Random International's first experiment with visitor participation.
Its 2008 exhibition, Audience, used motorised mirrors to respond to the individual facing them with each viewer becoming the subject of the exhibition.
"It has been interesting and a lot of fun for us to watch people, as this kind of installation piece extracts behavioural experiences," said Koch.
"In the Rain Room, shy people may wait to see others' reaction and may act quite cautiously, while more excitable visitors will just rush in."
If the Rain Room is filled with participants, the "collective power of the crowd stops the rain", which Koch admits may limit the experience.
"We have recommended to our hosts that a little crowd control may be required to give people the full experience."
Rain Room at The Curve runs until March next year.

Source 

Saturday, January 21, 2012

Stephen A. Smith destroys two Laker fans.

Stephen A. Smith destroys two Laker fans.

Tuesday, January 17, 2012

World IPv6 launch day set to aid net address switchover

World IPv6 launch day set to aid net address switchover

Internet graphic
Internet firms carried out a successful trial of the new net address system last June

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Leading internet firms have set 6 June as the World IPv6 launch day.

IPv6 is the new net address system that replaces the current protocol IPv4, which is about to run out of spaces to allocate.

Web companies participating in the event have pledged to enable IPv6 on their main websites from that date.

The Internet Society, which made the announcement, said the day represented "a major milestone" in the deployment of the standard.

Facebook, Google, Microsoft Bing and Yahoo are the inaugural web firms involved.

Future-proof

Every device connected to the internet is assigned an internet protocol (IP) address, which is a string of numbers that allows other devices to recognise where data comes from or should be sent to.

The IPv4 system has approximately four billion IP addresses.

The growth in the number of smartphones, PCs and other web devices and services meant that net regulator Icann had already handed out its last IPv4 sets to regional registries.

At the time it said businesses needed to start preparing themselves for a switch to the IPv6 standard, which offers more than 340 trillion trillion trillion addresses.

To put that number in context BBC Future Media blogged last year that if "every man, woman and child on Earth had a billion devices each with an IPv6 address, you haven't even come close to scratching the surface of the number of addresses available".

Experts say the new system should ensure there are enough addresses for the foreseeable future.

Problem solving

IPv6 is incompatible with IPv4, so the transition has required old hardware to be replaced or updated.

Internet service providers (ISP) taking part have promised that by the launch date they will have enabled at least 1% of their fixed line subscribers to visit IPv6-enabled websites. The ISPs involved include the US firms AT&T and Comcast, and the Dutch firm XS4all.

The home networking equipment manufacturers Cisco and D-Link say they aim to enable IPv6 on all their home router products by the date.

And Akami and Limelight - two firms that help improve third parties' delivery of content over the net - have also promised to allow their customers to join the list of firms participating in the scheme by enabling the new protocol throughout their infrastructure.

Amsterdam-based RIPE NCC, which allocates IP addresses in Europe, the Middle East and parts of Asia, said: "Operational experience and measurements on World IPv6 Launch will help content providers and ISPs to identify and rectify any potential problems with delivering services."

Facebook's vice president of infrastructure engineering, Jay Parikh, added: "Last year's industry-wide test of IPv6 successfully showed that the global adoption of IPv6 is the best way to keep web devices communicating in the future.

"Permanently enabling IPv6 is vital to keeping the internet open and ensuring people stay connected online as the number of web users and devices continue to grow."

Source

Sunday, January 15, 2012

IBM researchers make 12-atom magnetic memory bit

IBM researchers make 12-atom magnetic memory bit

Image of a bit stored in 12 atoms
The groups of atoms were built using a scanning tunneling microscope

Researchers have successfully stored a single data bit in only 12 atoms.

Currently it takes about a million atoms to store a bit on a modern hard-disk, the researchers from IBM say.

They believe this is the world's smallest magnetic memory bit.

According to the researchers, the technique opens up the possibility of producing much denser forms of magnetic computer memory than today's hard disk drives and solid state memory chips.

"Roughly every two years hard drives become denser," research lead author Sebastian Loth told the BBC.

"The obvious question to ask is how long can we keep going. And the fundamental physical limit is the world of atoms.

"The approach that we used is to jump to the very end, check if we can store information in one atom, and if not one atom, how many do we need?" he said.

Below 12 atoms the researchers found that the bits randomly lost information, owing to quantum effects.

A bit can have a value of 0 or 1 and is the most basic form of information in computation.

"We kept building larger structures until we emerged out of the quantum mechanical into the classical data storage regime and we reached this limit at 12 atoms."

“Start Quote

As a scientist [I] would totally dig having a scanning tunnelling microscope in every household”

Sebastian Loth Research lead author

The groups of atoms, which were kept at very low temperatures, were arranged using a scanning tunnelling microscope. Researchers were subsequently able to form a byte made of eight of the 12-atom bits.

Central to the research has been the use of materials with different magnetic properties.

The magnetic fields of bits made from conventional ferromagnetic materials can affect neighbouring bits if they are packed too closely together.

"In conventional magnetic data storage the information is stored in ferromagnetic material," said Dr Loth, who is now based at the Center for Free-Electron Laser Science in Germany.

"That adds up to a big magnetic field that can interfere with neighbours. That's a big problem for further miniaturisation."

Other scientists thought that was an interesting result.

"Current magnetic memory architectures are fundamentally limited in how small they can go," Dr Will Branford, of Imperial College London, told the BBC.

"This work shows that in principle data can be stored much more densely using antiferromagnetic bits."

But the move from the lab to the production may be some time away.

"Even though I as a scientist would totally dig having a scanning tunnelling microscope in every household, I agree it's a very experimental tool," Dr Loth said.

Dr Loth believes that by increasing the number of atoms to between 150 to 200 the bits can be made stable at room temperature. That opens up the possibility of more practical applications.

"This is now a technological challenge to find out about new manufacturing techniques," he said.

Source

Thursday, January 12, 2012

World's smallest frog discovered

World's smallest frog discovered

Frog on coin
The tiny frog sits easily on a US dime, whose diameter is 18mm

A frog species that appears to be the world's smallest has been discovered in Papua New Guinea by a US-based team.

At 7mm (0.27 inches) long, Paedophryne amauensis may be the world's smallest vertebrate - the group that includes mammals, fish, birds and amphibians.

The researchers also found a slightly larger relative, Paedophryne swiftorum.

Presenting the new species in PLoS One journal, they suggest the frogs' tiny scale is linked to their habitat, in leaf litter on the forest floor.

What are amphibians?

Frog eye
  • First true amphibians evolved about 250 million years ago
  • Three orders: frogs (inc. toads), salamanders (inc. newts) and the limbless caecilians
  • Adapted to many aquatic and terrestrial habitats
  • Present on every continent except Antarctica
  • Many metamorphose from larvae to adults

Finding the frogs was not an easy assignment.

They are well camouflaged among leaves on the forest floor, and have evolved calls resembling those of insects, making them hard to spot.

"The New Guinea forests are incredibly loud at night; and we were trying to record frog calls in the forest, and we were curious as to what these other sounds were," said research leader Chris Austin from Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, US.

"So we triangulated to where these calls were coming from, and looked through the leaf litter.

"It was night, these things are incredibly small; so what we did after several frustrating attempts was to grab a whole handful of leaf litter and throw it inside a clear plastic bag.

"When we did so, we saw these incredibly tiny frogs hopping around," he told BBC News.

Littering the leaves

The Paedophryne genus was identified only recently, and consists of a number of tiny species found at various points in the eastern forests of Papua New Guinea.

Frog limbs The tiny limbs of amauensis (top) and swiftorum are rendered translucent

"They're occupying the relatively thick leaf litter of tropical forest in low-lying parts of the island, eating incredibly small insects that typically are much smaller than insects that frogs eat," said Professor Austin.

"And they're probably prey for a large number of relatively small invertebrates that don't usually prey on frogs."

Predators may well include scorpions.

Intriguingly, other places in the world that also feature dense, moist leaf litter tend to possess such small frog species, indicating that amphibians are well placed to occupy this ecological niche.

Before the Paedophrynes were found, the title of "world's smallest frog" was bestowed on the Brazilian gold frog (Brachycephalus didactylus) and its slightly larger Cuban relative, the Monte Iberia Eleuth (Eleutherodactylus iberia). They both measure less than 1cm long.

The smallest vertebrates have until now been fish.

Adult Paedocypris progenetica, which dwells in Indonesian swamps and streams, measure 7.9-10.3 mm long.

Male anglerfish of the species Photocorynus spiniceps are just over 6mm long. But they spend their lives fused to the much larger (50mm long) females, so whether they should count in this contest would be disputed.

Paedophryne amaunensis adults average 7.7mm, which is why its discoverers believe it how holds the crown.

The remote expanses of Papua New Guinea rank alongside those of Madagascar as places where hitherto undiscovered amphibian species are expected to turn up, as they are largely undeveloped and not well explored.

Source

Monday, January 9, 2012

Leopard in deadly attack in Indian city of Guwahati

Leopard in deadly attack in Indian city of Guwahati

Wild leopard attacks man in Gauhati (07/01/12)
One of the victims, Kripesh Dey, was badly injured in the attack

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One person has been killed and several others injured in an attack by a leopard in the Indian state of Assam.

The man died after the leopard attacked several people in a densely populated area of the city of Guwahati.

The leopard strayed into the Shilpukhuri area of the city on Saturday and attacked residents, one of whom died the next day of his injuries.

The animal has now been released into the Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, forest officials said.

For the people of Guwahati, bomb blasts and other terror attacks were not uncommon till recently, because of repeated attacks by the secessionist United Liberation Front of Assam (Ulfa), but a leopard straying into a town is rare, particularly during the day.

Chased out

The leopard was first sighted on Saturday morning near a crematorium in the town.

As the funeral of a Congress Party leader's son was going on, the place was full of dignitaries, ministers and other VIPs.

Police sent them to a safer place and chased the leopard out, but it turned towards the Shilpukhuri residential area.

"First, it jumped across several multi-storey buildings, including a bank, then jumped on to the ground," said Manas Paran, photojournalist for the Sunday Indian magazine and an eyewitness.

Local people armed with sticks and iron rods tried to chase the leopard away. The enraged animal then started attacking locals, Mr Paran told BBC.

Mr Paran kept following the big cat at extremely close quarters to get good pictures for his magazine.

Deb Kumar Das, aged around 50, was one of the first people whom the leopard clawed at. He suffered severe wounds to the head, ear and neck.

He was treated in hospital but later returned home, where he was found dead on Sunday.

Several others suffered the ire of the big cat. One of them, Kripesh Dey, had part of his scalp removed in the attack.

Later, when the leopard entered a shop, locals locked it up. Forest officials and vets reached the scene after some time with tranquilisers and were able to capture it.

"After it was tranquilised and treated in Guwahati Zoo, we released it in the Manas Wildlife Sancturary today", said Utpal Borah, head of the zoo.

This incident has once again brought to fore the conflict between humans and animals in India.

Assam's forest officials say humans are encroaching onto leopard habitats. Residential areas built right in leopard habitats have become vulnerable to such attacks.

This is the second death from leopard attacks in five years.

Source

Friday, October 28, 2011

Scientists Decipher German Secret Society's 'Uncrackable' Code

Scientists Decipher German Secret Society's 'Uncrackable' Code

It may sound like the plot of a Dan Brown novel, but this story certainly isn't fiction. Researchers have finally decoded a mystical manuscript that has confounded experts for centuries, revealing the bizarre inner workings of an 19th-century Masonic organisation.

Known as the Copial Cipher, the 105-page document was written in Germany over 250 years ago, using complex code that had seemed uncrackable. Researchers used a combination of cutting-edge technology and human intuition to unlock the document's secrets.

(MORE: Decoding The Ancient Script Of The Indus Valley)

The document was reportedly an instruction manual for setting up society initiation ceremonies and suggested to scare tactics to frighten the initiates. Suggested initiation procedures range from the uncomfortable (plucking pledges' eyebrows) to the downright unpleasant (telling candidates they should "prepare to die").

Another passage outlined how to identify fellow society members in every day life. When one member asks how "Hans" is, the other should respond by mentioning a name that begins with the second letter of the first name — for example, "He's with Anton."

Kevin Knight, a computer scientist at the University of California, worked with two colleagues from Sweden to crack the cipher and says the discovery opens up a whole new realm of possibilities. "This opens up a window for people who study the history of ideas and the history of secret societies," Knight said in a press release. "Historians believe that secret societies have had a role in revolutions, but all that is yet to be worked out, and a big part of the reason is because so many documents are enciphered."

Buoyed by the breakthrough, Knight and his colleagues are now targeting other unsolved ciphers, including those sent to newspapers by the infamous Zodiac Killer. Knight hopes his complex techniques can uncover the identity of the man who killed at least five people in Northern California during the late '60s.

Jak Phillips is a contributor at TIME. Find him on Twitter at @JakPhillips. You can also continue the discussion on TIME's Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIME.

Monday, October 24, 2011

Documentary explores the effects of being wired

Documentary explores the effects of being wired

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Connected, a documentary by Webby Awards founder Tiffany Shlain, explores the global implications for being wired in the 21st century.Link

The film, which took four years to make and partly focuses on Ms Shlain's connection with her dying father, attempts to explain the underpinnings of why humans choose to connect with one another through technology.

The film is now being played at select theatres in the US.

After exchanging a series of roughly 30 emails with Ms Shlain and her production staff, the BBC's Matt Danzico spoke to the filmmaker about the broader implications of staying wired to the internet.

Source See video at SOURCE

Saturday, October 22, 2011

Golden Joystick Awards: Portal 2 named ultimate game

Golden Joystick Awards: Portal 2 named ultimate game


GT5, Fallout, Portal 2
GT5, Fallout: New Vegas and Portal 2 were all among the winners

Portal 2 has been crowned the ultimate game of the year at the Golden Joystick video game awards.

It beat competition for the top prize from the likes of LA Noire, Call of Duty: Black Ops and Gran Turismo 5.

With more than two million votes cast across 14 categories, organisers claim it is the biggest video games award ceremony in the world.

However this year, with no game winning more than one award, there was no particular standout title.

Angry Birds continued its seemingly unstoppable rise to the top of the smartphone gaming world, with the best mobile award for its Rio edition.

The biggest seller of the last 12 months, Call of Duty: Black Ops, had a quiet ceremony by the series' standards, picking up just one award, best shooter.

FULL LIST OF WINNERS

  • Action/Adventure: Assassin's Creed: Brotherhood
  • Mobile: Angry Birds Rio
  • Role play: Fallout: New Vegas
  • MMOG: World of Warcraft
  • Fighting: Mortal Kombat
  • Racing: Gran Turismo 5
  • Sports: FIFA 11
  • Strategy: Starcraft II
  • Music: Guitar Hero: Warriors of Rock
  • Free-To-Play: League of Legends
  • Downloadable: Minecraft
  • Shooter: COD: Black Ops
  • One To Watch: Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim
  • Innovation: Nintendo 3DS
  • Outstanding Contribution: Sonic The Hedgehog
  • Ultimate Game: Portal 2

In the best sports game category FIFA 11 pipped its rival Pro Evolution Soccer.

But the big winner at the awards was Portal 2 - a first person puzzle-platform game that sees players trying to make it through a series of chambers by using a special gun to create portals.

The game has also been praised for its humour, with Stephen Merchant - from The Office and Extras - providing the voice for one of the characters.

Sonic 'honoured'

Arguably the second most significant prize is the one to watch award, and that went to Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim - good news for its makers ahead of next month's release.

Meanwhile, the outstanding contribution gong was won by Sonic The Hedgehog, who is celebrating 20 years since first being unveiled by Sega.

David Corless, Sonic brand director, said the hedgehog was a timeless character who had transcended video games and whose appeal had been extended by the boom in smartphone gaming.

"It's quite rare in any forms of media that TV or cartoons for kids can endure for such a long time. Even in a video game it's quite rare.

"The fact that Sonic is still around and still doing as well as he is is fantastic, and testament to the little blue blur as we call him."

Mr Corless added that Sonic's traditional rivalry with Nintendo's Mario was now a thing of the past.

"It was a Blur versus Oasis thing about 10 or 15 years ago, but they recently joined forces and appeared in some games together.

"We've put all those dark days behind us," he joked.

Source

Thursday, October 20, 2011

Quantum Levitation

Quantum Levitation




Suspending a superconducting disc above or below a set of permanent magnets. The magnetic field is locked inside the superconductor ; a phenomenon called 'Quantum Trapping'.
For more info visit:
http://www.quantumlevitation.com

Friday, October 14, 2011

TV Weekend: The Walking Dead Has Legs

TV Weekend: The Walking Dead Has Legs

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By the end of its short first season, I was ready to put The Walking Dead on my list of "almost" shows: those series that had the potential to be great, but which for lack of execution or desire never actually got there. It had well-regarded source material (I haven't myself read the Robert Kirkman graphic novels)* and a terrific premise: a zombie apocalypse, handled with complete psychological realism. The pilot was breathtaking—sweeping in its visuals, economical in its dialogue and unstinting in its dedication to show how actual people would respond to the potential grisly end of human life.

The rest of the season delivered on plot, but the writing faltered, hampered by often-clichĂ©d dialogue, stock characters and haphazard-seeming narrative diversions. There were strong sequences—the final, hope-crushing interlude at the CDC was effective, if rushed—but what began with the potential to be a great series (on a par with other AMC and HBO dramas) seemed content to be an exciting horror story with just-good-enough storytelling. And the ratings were fantastic, so I wasn't sure it had much incentive to improve.

Going into season 2, there was then the famous friction with the parent network over budget and production issues, and AMC ousted producer, director and showrunner Frank Darabont. Would The Walking Dead itself become a kind of TV zombie, kept alive (on a smaller budget) with stopgap producers, mediocre scripts and the momentum of a devoted audience without many good options for genre horror on TV?

Darabont left during production, so it will really take the season to find the answers. But I've seen the first two episodes, and I have some good news about a show that's mostly about bad news: The Walking Dead is starting season 2 much more strongly than it ended season 1.

I can't really get into much plot detail without running into spoilers. But as a very general setup: the show picks up almost precisely where it left off. The caravan of zombieism survivors has left the CDC and is moving on down the highway in search of another haven. What happens next is—well, harrowing and thrilling, and involves zombies. But maybe most important is that what happens next is not too much. Maybe because it has a full season to play with, the show slows down, focusing on a couple of acts of violence and their very painful (physical and moral) aftereffects.

It had always seemed really clear that no one was safe on The Walking Dead, but these first episodes make it undeniable—to the point of being tough for me to watch, and I see a lot of TV violence. And they do it with compelling action sequences and lean, emotional dialogue: the whole show feels more pared-down and focused. And star Andrew Lincoln benefits from this in particular, embodying a man trying to bear up under pressure past the point of exhaustion.

There are still big issues baked into The Walking Dead: the group vs. the individual, whether extremity brings out the best or worst in the survivors, whether the living are more dangerous than the walking dead. And it should: what separates a great monster story from a sheer pulp entertainment is that it's about something besides horror. But for these two episodes, at least, The Walking Dead probes the issues through action, more than talk, and it's better for it.

Check back here Monday at time.com, where Nate Rawlings is going to do weekly recaps of the show. (I'll check in on it from time to time too, but I'm doing Boardwalk Empire the same night and don't want to give either short shrift.) I'm not ready to proclaim The Walking Dead's problems solved yet, but this new beginning is reason for hope. And after what it has to show you, you'll need some.

Source

Thursday, October 13, 2011

Wednesday, September 28, 2011

Amazon Kindle Fire to enter tablet computer market

Amazon Kindle Fire to enter tablet computer market








Amazon boss Jeff Bezos unveils the Kindle Fire

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Amazon has unveiled a colour tablet computer called the Kindle Fire.

The $199 (£130) device will run a modified version of Google's Android operating system.

Until now, the company has limited itself to making black and white e-readers, designed for consuming books and magazines.

As well as targeting Apple's iPad, Amazon is likely to have its sights on rival bookseller US Barnes & Noble, which already has a colour tablet.

The Kindle Fire will enter a hugely competitive market, dominated by Apple's iPad.

Amazon will be hoping to leverage both the strength of the Kindle brand, built up over three generations of its popular e-book reader, and its ability to serve up content such as music and video.

In recent years, the company has begun offering downloadable music for sale, and also has a streaming video-on-demand service in the United States. Those, combined with its mobile application store, give it a more sophisticated content "ecosystem" than most of its rivals.

Kindle Fire

  • 7" IPS (in-plane switching) display
  • 1024 x 600 resolution
  • Customised Google Android operating system
  • $199 (£130)
  • Weighs 413 grammes
  • Dual core processor
  • 8GB internal storage

"It's the price and the backup services that make it really exciting," said Will Findlater, editor of Stuff magazine.

"Content is the big differentiator. It's what every other platform has been lacking, except the iPad."

Amazon's decision to opt for a 7" screen, as opposed to the larger 10" displays favoured by many rival manufacturers was a cause for concern for Ovum analyst Adam Leach.

"This screen size has undoubtedly helped them achieve a lower price point for the device but so far this form factor has not been popular with consumers, we shall see if this is related to other aspects of those devices other than its screen size. "

Digital dividend

Digital content has already proved itself to be a money-spinner for Amazon.

Although the company has never released official sales figures for the Kindle, it did state - in December 2010 - that it was now selling more electronic copies of books than paper copies.

Its US rival, Barnes & Noble, has also enjoyed success with its Nook devices.

In October 2010, the company unveiled the Nook Color, which also runs a version of Android, albeit with lower hardware specs than many fully featured tablets.

While the Nook Color is largely focused on book and magazine reading, some users have managed to unlock its wider functionality and install third-party apps.

Kindle Touch
Amazon has dropped the keyboard from some of its Kindles in favour of touch

The Kindle Fire's $199 (£130) price tag undercuts the Nook Color by $50 (£30) and is significantly cheaper than more powerful tablets from Apple, Samsung, Motorola and others.

It is due to go on sale on 15 November in the US, although global release dates are currently unavailable.

Price cuts

Alongside the Kindle Fire, Amazon also announced a refresh of its Kindle e-readers.

The entry level device has had its keyboard removed and will now sell for $79, down from $99. Amazon UK announced that the new version would retail at £89.

A version with limited touchscreen capability, known as the Kindle Touch, will sell for $99. Only the US pricing has been announced so far.

"These are premium products at non premium prices," said Amazon chief executive Jeff Bezos. "We are going to sell millions of these."

Source

Fossil beetles show true colours

Fossil beetles show true colours

Tiger beetle
Beetles' great abundance today and in the fossil record makes them key environmental indicators

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At their brilliant best, the colours of beetles can make the insects look like they are made of some precious metal.

But when these beetles die and become fossilised, how much of that iridescent beauty is preserved?

It is a question that has been puzzling Dr Maria McNamara from Yale University.

Her microscopic study of ancient beetles has shown how any retained colours will be subtly altered. Blues in life will become greens in death, it seems.

It is a fascinating observation because it means scientists can say with greater confidence what a creature really looked like millions of years ago.

And that colour information could be very revealing about the way a particular beetle lived its life.

"These kinds of colours have lots of visual functions," explained Dr McNamara, who is also affiliated with University College Dublin.

"They might function in communication, for example, or in thermo-regulation. And so it's important to be able to reconstruct them properly so that we can say what those organisms were using the colours for in the first place," she told BBC News.

The spectacular colours we see in many beetles are the result of the way light interacts with the very fine layers of material that make up their cuticle, or exoskeleton.

Fabulously small structures in this chitin material will bend and reflect light to enhance particular wavelengths.

Dr McNamara and her colleagues examined the cuticles of a variety of fossil beetles ranging in age from 15 to 47 million years old.

A 40 million-year-old fossil chrysomelid beetle This 40-million-year-old leaf beetle would have looked less blue and more violet in life

The team used powerful analytical tools such as electron microscopes to determine how the light-controlling properties in these ancient remains had been affected by the process of fossil preservation, in which the atoms and molecules of tissues can be removed or replaced.

What the group found was that the structures were still present but that their chemistry, not unexpectedly, had been changed.

And the consequence of this chemistry alteration was to "redshift" colours to longer wavelengths. A live violet-coloured beetle would look blue when fossilised; a blue one would take on a green hue after being buried in the ground for millions of years, and so on.

"What actually happens is - the refractive index of the cuticle changes," explained Dr McNamara.

"This is a measure of how much the light is bent. This means the chemistry must have changed because the refractive index in a material will depend on what it's made from."

The researcher cautions that the degree of redshifting differed slightly from specimen to specimen, and that the beetles her team studied all came from similar lake sediments. Other types of sediment might show different results, she added.

Leaf beetles
The team now has a method to reconstruct the true colours of beetles

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Whose bright idea was that? Border between India and Pakistan is so brightly lit it can be seen from space

Whose bright idea was that? Border between India and Pakistan is so brightly lit it can be seen from space

By Chris Parsons

Snaking for hundreds of miles across the earth's surface, this spectacular picture shows one of the planet's land borders like never before.

The dramatic picture shows a bright orange line jutting across the earth, indicating the border between India and Pakistan.

The stunning image of the earth, taken from the International Space Station last month, also shows busy cities show up as bright clusters hundreds of miles apart.

Spectacular: The International Space Station image captures the floodlit border between India and Pakistan in amazing detail

Spectacular: The International Space Station image captures the floodlit border between India, above the orange line, and Pakistan, below the border in the picture

The border between India and Pakistan, shown here on a conventional satellite image, is now under heavy surveillance through floodlights and fencing

The border between India and Pakistan, shown here on a conventional satellite image, is now under heavy surveillance through floodlights and fencing

The Indian government sanctioned a move to erect floodlights along the terrain separating India and Pakistan in the Gujarat sector in 2003 to prevent smuggling and arms trafficking.

In previous years the border has regularly seen attempts at infiltration by terrorists, as well as the smuggling of arms, ammunition and contraband.

In total, the Indian government hope to cover 1248 miles (2009 km) of the 1800-mile (2900 km) India-Pakistan border with floodlights.

Officials have so far erected floodlights along 286 miles (460 km) of Indian border with the Pakistan state of Punjab.

The extensive floodlighting continues for 635 miles (1022 km) across Rajasthan, 109 miles (176 km) across the Jammu international border, and 125 miles (202 km) through Gujarat.

So far 1156 miles (1861 km) of the border have been floodlit.

Plans are in place to erect a total 1269 miles (2043 km) of fencing along the nation's border.

The Indian government hope to have completely finished the floodlight operation by March 2012.

A similar fenced border zone operates along India's eastern border with Bangladesh, although it cannot be seen as vividly on images like this.

The Gujarat border region was notorious for being infiltrated until officials erected the floodlit border in 2003.

The spectacular image showing the floodlit border was taken by Expedition 28 International Space Station Crew on August 21.

Also visible on the picture as bright clusters is Lahore, Pakistan, nearest to the orange border line.

Islamabad, Pakistan, can also be seen towards the bottom of the picture, as well as New Delhi, India, at the top.

The floodlit border fencing built through the Indian government since 2003 is so bright it can be seen from space

The floodlit border fencing built through the Indian government since 2003 is so bright it can be seen from space


Monday, September 26, 2011

Social networking in its oldest form

Social networking in its oldest form

Help

Over the last two decades, Harold Hackett has sent out over 4,800 messages in a bottle from Prince Edward Island, Canada's smallest province along the Atlantic coastline.

Every message asks for the finder to send a response back to Hackett, and since 1996 he has received over 3,100 responses from all over the world.

In this First Person account, Hackett talks about the items people have sent him and the unexpected side effects from his hobby.

Source

Friday, September 23, 2011

Light speed: Flying into fantasy

Light speed: Flying into fantasy

Building Cern image 1974
A photo from Cern's past, or a wormhole?

Related Stories

What if particles really can exceed the speed of light?

It is a fascinating and provocative question.

But first, it should be said that Thursday's news that physicists have seen subatomic particles called neutrinos exceed the Universe's speed limit is a picture of science still at work.

The researchers at Cern in Switzerland and Gran Sasso in Italy have tried really hard to find what they might be doing wrong - over three years and thousands of experiments - because they can hardly believe what they are seeing.

The publication of their results is a call for help to pick holes in their methods, and save physics as we now know it.

"The scientists are right to be extremely cautious about interpreting these findings," said Jim Al-Khalili, a physicist from the University of Surrey, who suggested that a simple error in the measurement is probably the source of all the fuss.

Start Quote

We'll never get old - politicians would stay young forever”

Sergio Bertolucci Cern

But he has gone further.

"So let me put my money where my mouth is: if the Cern experiment proves to be correct and neutrinos have broken the speed of light, I will eat my boxer shorts on live TV."

Let us be clear: it would be a tremendously exciting time for physics, and a daunting one for physicists, but it is not going to change the price of milk.

Perhaps the most exciting thing is that time travel would look more feasible.

Graphic of the Opera experiment

The speed of light is the cornerstone in Einstein's theory of special relativity, which is what gives us the concept of causality: causes precede effects, wherever you are.

Remove that requirement, and time becomes a much more fluid thing than the one-way arrow we think it to be.

Delorean from Back to the Future
Don't go buying one just yet

If an effect can precede a cause, showers of neutrons might arrive here on Earth before a supernova actually kicks off on the other side of the galaxy.

OK, here's what we really want: Back to the Future-style popping around in time might be within our reach.

It gets weirder. Einstein may not have been wrong if we concede that there are extra dimensions of space that particles can nip into and out of, and some theories have already been around a while that suggest it.

"They're not mainstream theories, but they're fine," Brian Cox, a physicist who has worked at Cern, told the BBC.

"Let's say you go from London to Sydney - you fly around the Earth," Prof Cox explained. "The other way to do it is to go through digging a big tunnel straight through the Earth, and that's the shortcut.

"In some ways extra dimensions can behave like that and ... the neutrinos could be taking a shortcut through another dimension."

That leads neatly on to the "wormholes" popularised in science fiction, connecting one place in space to another vastly distant one.

Quantum questions

The list goes on - and there is a host of other implications, most of which arise because the speed of light figures in so many equations in science.

Bubble chamber experiment shows neutrino paths
Neutrinos are already unusual - they are often called "ghost particles"

It holds all of quantum mechanics together, for example, and that has given us the modern era of electronics, the internet, and the gizmo on which you are reading this.

Get an information-carrying particle going faster than light, and you change computing altogether. How about solving tomorrow's problems today?

This, again, is all speculation. But even Cern's director of research Sergio Bertolucci briefly got into the game.

"We all like the idea of travel in time, but it would be very difficult," he told the BBC.

"You can imagine: we'll never get old - politicians would stay young forever."

But Antonio Ereditato, part of the Opera collaboration that found the curious result, is holding fire on what it all might mean if true.

"I would prefer not to elaborate on that," he said.

"I'm sure that there are many, many colleagues in our community who will start to elaborate, but our task for the moment is one step behind: to make sure - absolutely sure - that this is a real effect and as solid as we think.

"But this must be confirmed by other colleagues. This is the way our work is done."

Source

Wednesday, September 21, 2011

View the Magical Undersea World of Internet Cables

View the Magical Undersea World of Internet Cables

By on September 21, 2011


View the Magical Undersea World of Internet Cables
Submarine Cable Map / TeleGeography

As we all know by now, the Internet is a series of tubes. Some of those tubes are actually called submarine communications cables, which, as the name suggests, are giant cables laid on the seabed, carrying telecommunications signals between continents, countries and small islands in between. There are apparently 121 of these systems in place right now, with another 25 planned to be in service by 2013, and now you can see where they all are on a constantly updated interactive Google Map.

(MORE: Everything You Need to Know About the Current State of Digital Comics)

The map makes for oddly compelling viewing, but the more you study it, the more two things become apparent.

Source: Google Maps

First, it looks like the most confusing subway map ever invented, and second, you can't help but notice there's a marked discrepancy in Internet connectivity around the world. Poor Greenland only gets two submarine cables, for instance, while some submarine cables seem to end in the middle of the ocean. Seriously, what's going on here?

Conspiracy theorists looking for undersea Lairs of Evil, this is your chance to finally discover their locations. Enjoy!



Tuesday, September 13, 2011

PIZZA IS MURDER








2 youtube channels well worth subscribing to.

These people are actually creative and make videos you actually want to watch.

Keep up the good work Julian and popfriction. :)

Vaccination Causes 'Mental Retardation'? Fact-Checking Michele Bachmann's Claim (Sarah Palin 2.0)

REUTERS/Scott Audette
Rep. Michele Bachmann (R-MN) participates in the CNN/Tea Party Republican presidential candidates debate in Tampa, Florida, September 12, 2011.
REUTERS/Scott Audette


Monday night's Republican primary debate saw candidate Michele Bachmann on the attack — especially against Texas Gov. Rick Perry. Bachmann slammed Perry for signing an executive order in 2007 requiring all sixth-grade girls to get vaccinated against HPV, the virus that is the leading cause of cervical cancer.

Most media reports following the debate focused on Bachmann's key criticism of Perry: his engaging in "capital cronyism." She accused Perry of acting under the influence of campaign donations from HPV vaccine manufacturer, Merck, which stood to gain millions from mandatory vaccination.

She further noted that the executive order — a tactic the governor admits was a mistake — prevented families from being able to choose whether or not to get the vaccine. (The federal government recommends the HPV vaccine for all 11- and 12-year-old girls.)

But perhaps more disturbing are comments Bachmann made Tuesday morning about the safety of the HPV vaccine itself — and what they revealed about her utter misunderstanding of the science.

LIST: Gov. Rick Perry's Weird Science

Talking with Matt Lauer on the Today show, Bachmann said that the vaccine was "a very dangerous drug." She continued:

I had a mother come up to me last night here in Tampa, Fla., after the debate. She told me that her little daughter took that vaccine, that injection. And she suffered from mental retardation thereafter. The mother was crying when she came up to me last night. I didn't know who she was before the debate. This is the very real concern and people have to draw their own conclusions.

In fact, "mental retardation" is not a "very real concern" when it comes to vaccination. Rather, Bachmann is once again resurrecting the alleged connection between vaccines and mental disability — namely autism — which has been repeatedly debunked. Last year, the fraudulent research that first triggered such widespread fear of vaccination was retracted by the medical journal that published it, and its author, Andrew Wakefield, was stripped of his medical license.

In August, a sweeping report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) analyzed all the available data on the adverse events associated with eight childhood vaccines and found few risks. Notably, it also confirmed that there was no connection between the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) — the vaccine that so many parents still fear — and autism risk.

The IOM report did not include data on the HPV vaccine, which is relatively new. But according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), "mental retardation" is not a side effect of the vaccine. Known side effects include local injection site reactions, fainting, dizziness, nausea and headaches, as well as hypersensitivity reactions like rashes, hives and itching — all noted on the drug's labeling.

The vaccine's label also makes note of more serious but rare adverse events like Guillain-Barré syndrome, pregnancy and death, but analysis of the data show that these events were not connected to the vaccine. Rather they coincidentally occurred in people who also got the vaccine. (Indeed, imagine if a vaccine could make you pregnant?)

MORE: Vaccine Safety: New Report Finds Few Adverse Events Linked to Immunizations

It's that element of coincidence that continually seems to confuse people like Bachmann, who don't have a firm grasp of the science. Earlier this year, I spoke with vaccinologist Paul Offit, author of Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, who explained the muddle.

Many of the side effects that parents associate with mandatory childhood vaccinations — especially problems that affect mental health — are actually just coincidental medical events, Offit said. Autism, some symptoms of brain damage and other traits often emerge between ages 1 and 4, the same time period that many vaccinations, including MMR, are administered. "There's definitely going to be those temporal associations that aren't necessarily causal associations," he said.

It bears noting that the HPV vaccine is administered at ages 11 and 12 — a decade later than the childhood vaccinations that continue to cause so much consternation.

As for Bachmann's misguided comments, perhaps the Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership put it best:

"Congresswoman Bachmann's decision to spread fear of vaccines is dangerous and irresponsible," said Evan Siegfried, a spokesman for the Global and Regional Asperger Syndrome Partnership. "There is zero credible scientific evidence that vaccines cause mental retardation or autism. She should cease trying to foment fear in order to advance her political agenda."

Meredith Melnick is a reporter at TIME. Find her on Twitter at @MeredithCM. You can also continue the discussion on TIME's Facebook page and on Twitter at @TIME.